Real Digitalization

Finland's Vision for Seamless, Event-Driven Public Services

From organization-centric silos to life-event orchestrated ecosystems

The Vision

🏛️

Today's Reality

Citizens navigate fragmented services across organizational boundaries. Each agency operates in isolation, requiring manual orchestration and repeated data submission.

🌲

Tomorrow's Promise

Life unfolds through seamless service ecosystems. AI agents orchestrate across boundaries, data flows securely through interoperable spaces, and services adapt to life events—not organizational charts.

Future-Ready Infrastructure Capabilities

The foundational building blocks for Finland's next-generation digital society (3-10 year horizon)

🔗

Finnish Interoperability Platform

Production

National semantic layer enabling organizations to create, publish, and consume standardized data products. SKOS vocabularies, OWL models, and SHACL constraints ensure machine-readable meaning across all participants.

sanastot.suomi.fi tietomallit.suomi.fi Semantic Interop
Technical Deep-Dive →
📱

EU Digital Identity Wallet

2026

Personal data vault where citizens hold verifiable credentials. From university degrees to business licenses, all documents become portable, verifiable, and user-controlled. Enables selective disclosure and privacy-by-design.

W3C VCs Selective Disclosure Cross-Border
Technical Deep-Dive →
🏢

EU Business Wallet

2027

Organizational credential vault for companies. Trade documents, compliance certificates, attestations—all verifiable and machine-readable. Enables automated B2B transactions and regulatory reporting.

B2B Compliance Trade Docs
Technical Deep-Dive →

Event-Driven Service Bus

Emerging

National event infrastructure where life and business events trigger coordinated service responses. Birth, marriage, company formation—events flow to all relevant agencies automatically, eliminating notify-by-default burden.

Real-time Event Mesh Pub/Sub
Technical Deep-Dive →
🌐

Federated Data Spaces

2025+

Domain-specific data ecosystems (health, education, business) where participants share data under common governance. Built on semantic standards, enabling secure, permissioned data flows without central data lakes.

GDPR Federated Domain-Specific
Technical Deep-Dive →
🤖

Agentic AI Layer

2026-2028

Autonomous agents orchestrate multi-service journeys on behalf of citizens and businesses. Understand intent, navigate data spaces, invoke services, handle exceptions—transforming reactive portals into proactive assistance.

LLM-Powered Multi-Agent Autonomous
Technical Deep-Dive →
🔐

Zero-Knowledge Infrastructure

2027+

Prove attributes without revealing data. Verify age, income thresholds, qualifications without exposing actual values. Enables privacy-preserving eligibility checks and compliance verification.

Privacy ZK-SNARKs Selective
Technical Deep-Dive →
🔌

National API Catalog

Expanding

Standardized, semantic APIs for all public services. Machine-readable OpenAPI specs linked to data models. Enables third-party innovation, automated integrations, and service composition.

REST/GraphQL OpenAPI Rate-Limited
Technical Deep-Dive →

Distributed Trust Registry

2026

National registry of authorized issuers, verifiers, and schemas. Know which entities can issue which credentials. Enables automated trust decisions and prevents fraud in credential ecosystems.

DID Registry Schema Registry Revocation
Technical Deep-Dive →
⚖️

Machine-Readable Legislation & Rules API

2026-2028

Laws and policies drafted with controlled vocabularies linked to OWL ontologies, exposed as queryable APIs. Enables automated eligibility checking, proactive compliance, and instant policy enforcement. Both legislative rules (binding) and organizational policies (discretionary) machine-executable.

Rules as Code OWL Ontologies API-Driven
Technical Deep-Dive →

Service Ecosystem Transformation Matrix

How infrastructure capabilities transform fragmented services into seamless ecosystems

🕊️ Death of a Close Person

End-of-life services

Today's Reality (Finland & Norway)

  • Hospital/nursing home notifies population registry → family notified by phone/mail
  • Family must notify 20-40+ organizations individually (banks, insurance, utilities, landlord, telecom, etc.)
  • Each organization requires death certificate copy (request, download, email/post)
  • Kela/NAV: Apply to cancel benefits, pensions → separate forms for each benefit type
  • Tax office: File estate inventory within 3 months → complex 50+ page form
  • Banks: Freeze accounts → heirs cannot access funds for weeks/months (probate required)
  • Insurance: File claims for life insurance, pension insurance → manual paperwork per policy
  • Real estate: Cancel rental contracts, transfer ownership → notary, forms, registry visits
  • Digital services: Cancel subscriptions (Netflix, Spotify, newspapers) → no central cancellation
  • Vehicles: Transfer or deregister → Traficom visit, forms
  • Pension funds: Calculate survivor's pension → heirs apply, wait for calculation
  • Healthcare: Retrieve personal belongings from hospital, cancel appointments
  • Email/social media: No standardized process to close accounts → family locked out
  • Result: 60-120 hours of administrative work, spread over 3-6 months, during grief
  • Errors common: Missed notifications → services billed to estate → debt collection
  • EOAVH project (Finland): Helps with checklist and guidance, but still manual

Fully Automated Ecosystem

  • Event Trigger: Hospital/nursing home registers death → death certificate issued digitally (DVV/Folkeregisteret)
  • 🔗 Service Bus Notification: "PersonDeceased" event published with encrypted personal ID
  • 📊 AI Estate Agent Activated: Autonomous agent assigned to family (consent via next-of-kin EUDI Wallet)
  • 🤖 Automatic Inventory Discovery: Agent queries all connected systems:
    • Financial: Banks (account balances, loans), pension funds (accrued benefits)
    • Government: Kela/NAV (active benefits), Tax Office (tax debt/refunds), Land Registry (property ownership)
    • Insurance: All policies (life, health, property) via Insurance Data Space
    • Utilities: Electricity, water, waste, internet contracts via API catalog
    • Assets: Vehicles (Traficom), investments (securities registry), memberships
    • Liabilities: Loans, credit cards, payment plans, subscriptions
  • 🌐 Data Space Integration: AI accesses Federated Data Spaces (with legal authorization):
    • Financial Data Space → full account picture (all banks, not just deceased's primary bank)
    • Healthcare Data Space → retrieves final health records, outstanding prescriptions
    • Real Estate Data Space → mortgage status, rental agreements, co-ownership records
  • 📱 Family Dashboard (EUDI Wallet): Heirs receive unified view:
    • Complete estate inventory (auto-generated, legally valid)
    • Pending actions (13 items require heir decision)
    • Automatic cancellations (47 services already terminated)
    • Financial summary (assets: €187k, liabilities: €45k, net estate: €142k)
  • Automatic Service Terminations (Zero Heir Action):
    • Kela/NAV: All benefits cancelled same-day (pension, healthcare subsidy, etc.)
    • Tax Office: Final tax return auto-filed (AI pulls income data, calculates)
    • Utilities: Electricity/water/waste transferred to heir or cancelled (based on property ownership)
    • Telecom: Mobile/internet contracts cancelled, number released
    • Subscriptions: Streaming services, newspapers, gym → all cancelled via API
    • Healthcare: Appointments cancelled, prescription database updated
    • Memberships: Unions, associations notified automatically
  • 💰 Financial Automation:
    • Bank accounts: Frozen per law, but balance visible to authorized heirs (no probate delay for info)
    • Immediate liquidity: €10k emergency allowance auto-released to primary heir (covers funeral, urgent bills)
    • Life insurance: Claims auto-filed to all insurers → beneficiaries notified, payout in 48h (not 3 months)
    • Pension funds: Survivor's pension eligibility auto-calculated → pre-approved, first payment within 2 weeks
    • Outstanding bills: Agent pays from estate account (with heir approval for amounts >€500)
  • 🏠 Property & Assets:
    • Real estate: If rental → landlord notified, contract termination initiated (legal notice period)
    • Owned property: Mortgage holder notified, heirs presented options (assume, sell, transfer)
    • Vehicles: Traficom auto-transfers to heir (with consent) or deregisters
    • Digital accounts: AI requests account closure (Google, Facebook) or memorialization per heir preference
  • 📋 Perunkirjoitus (Estate Inventory) - Full Automation:

    Legal Requirement: Finnish law (Perintökaari 40/1965) requires heirs to file perunkirjoitus within 3 months of death. Failure = fines + probate delays. Typically 40-60 pages, requires legal assistance (€1,500-3,000 cost).

    Traditional Process (Manual Hell):

    • Assets Discovery: Heirs must find all: Bank accounts (every bank separately), real estate, vehicles, securities, personal property, pension accruals, insurance policies, receivables
    • Liabilities Discovery: Loans, credit cards, unpaid bills, tax debts, mortgages, guarantees given
    • Valuation: Real estate → market value (appraiser €500-2000), vehicles → Traficom average, securities → date-of-death prices, personal property → estimates
    • Heir Identification: Will? Intestate succession? Spouse, children, parents → legal shares calculated
    • Form Filling: 40-60 page PDF, hand-written or typed, 20+ sections, attachments (bank statements, deeds, appraisals)
    • Legal Review: Lawyer reviews (€1,500-3,000), signs, submits to Tax Office
    • Time: 20-40 hours of heir work + 2-4 weeks lawyer → total 6-8 weeks to complete
    • Errors Common: Missed accounts → estate reopened → additional costs

    Automated Perunkirjoitus Generation:

    • Day 1-2: Automatic Asset Discovery
      • Financial Data Space Query: AI agent queries all banks simultaneously (API access with heir authorization)
      • Returns: All accounts (checking, savings, investment), balances as-of date-of-death, co-owners, beneficiaries
      • Securities Registry: Euroclear Finland API → all holdings (stocks, bonds, funds) with date-of-death valuations
      • Pension Registry: ETK (Eläketurvakeskus) API → accrued pension rights (survivor pension eligibility)
      • Insurance Registry: Federation of Finnish Financial Services → all policies (life, property, health) with beneficiaries
      • Land Registry: Maanmittauslaitos API → owned real estate, co-owners, mortgages, cadastral values
      • Vehicle Registry: Traficom API → registered vehicles with valuations
      • Business Registry: PRH API → company shares, board positions, ownership percentages
      • Tax Office: Vero API → outstanding tax debts/refunds, previous years' income (used for valuation estimates)
    • Day 2-3: Automatic Liability Discovery
      • Credit Registry: Bisnode/UC API → all loans, credit cards, payment plans
      • Mortgage Holders: Banks report mortgages linked to properties (automatic cross-reference)
      • Utilities: Outstanding bills from electricity, water, waste, telecom
      • Tax Office: Any unpaid taxes, penalties, interest
      • Guarantees: If deceased guaranteed someone's loan → liability (banks report)
    • Day 3: Automatic Valuation
      • Real Estate: AI uses recent sales in area + property characteristics → market value estimate (±5% accuracy)
      • Vehicles: Traficom average prices by make/model/year → instant valuation
      • Securities: Date-of-death closing prices (automated from Euroclear)
      • Personal Property: AI estimates based on tax return data (standard deductions: €3,000-10,000 typical)
      • Edge Cases: Valuable art, antiques → AI flags for manual appraisal
    • Day 3-4: Heir Calculation (Rules as Code)
      • Rules API Query: POST /rules/calculate-inheritance {"deceased": "...", "family": [...]}
      • Inheritance Law Rules: Perintökaari encoded as executable rules (spouse share, children shares, intestate succession)
      • Will Verification: If will exists → verify with Testament Registry API (notarized wills register)
      • Legal Shares: AI calculates: Spouse gets 50% + home, children split remaining 50%, etc.
      • Special Cases: Adopted children (same as biological), estranged heirs (still inherit), disclaimer of inheritance (heir can reject)
    • Day 4-5: Document Generation
      • AI Drafts Perunkirjoitus: 40-page PDF auto-generated with all sections completed:
      • Section 1: Deceased information (from DVV)
      • Section 2: Heirs (with personal IDs, addresses, shares)
      • Section 3: Assets (complete list with valuations, 15-20 pages typically)
      • Section 4: Liabilities (all debts with amounts)
      • Section 5: Net estate (assets - liabilities)
      • Section 6: Distribution (who gets what)
      • Appendices: Bank confirmations, property deeds, vehicle registrations (all as VCs/PDFs)
      • Language: Proper legal terminology, references to relevant laws
    • Day 5: Heir Review & Approval
      • EUDI Wallet Notification: "Perunkirjoitus ready for review"
      • Heirs open on phone/tablet → see complete document
      • Review Interface: Each section expandable, sources cited (click bank name → see account details)
      • Corrections: If heir knows of additional asset → add manually → AI re-calculates
      • Verification: AI highlights: "Unusual items: Classic car valued at €50k (market data: €45k-55k). Verify?"
      • E-Signature: All heirs sign with qualified electronic signature (legally binding per eIDAS)
      • Time: 1-2 hours for heirs (vs 20-40 hours manual)
    • Day 6: Submission to Tax Office
      • Automatic Filing: Perunkirjoitus submitted via Tax Office API (digital native, not PDF scan)
      • Structured Data: Assets/liabilities as JSON (machine-readable) + PDF (human-readable)
      • Verification: Tax Office AI cross-checks against own databases (bank reports, property registry)
      • Instant Validation: If discrepancies: "We have record of account at Bank X (€12k), not in perunkirjoitus. Add?"
      • Approval: If all checks pass → auto-approved within 24 hours (vs 4-8 weeks manual review)
    • Total Time: 6 Days (vs 6-8 Weeks)
    • Heir Effort: 2-3 Hours (vs 20-40 Hours)
    • Cost: €0 (vs €1,500-3,000 Legal Fees)
    • Accuracy: 99%+ (AI cross-checks multiple sources, flags anomalies)

    Example Automated Perunkirjoitus Output:

    PERUNKIRJOITUS
    Vainaja: Matti Meikäläinen (010145-1234), kuollut 2026-02-15

    VARAT (Assets):
    • Kiinteistö: Mannerheimintie 5, Helsinki (€187,000) [Lähde: MML]
    • Pankkitili: Nordea FI12 3456 (€23,450) [Lähde: Nordea API]
    • Osakesalkku: Nordnet (€15,200) [Lähde: Euroclear]
    • Ajoneuvo: Toyota Corolla 2018 (€8,500) [Lähde: Traficom]
    • Irtaimisto: (€5,000) [Arvio]
    Yhteensä: €239,150

    VELAT (Liabilities):
    • Asuntolaina: OP Bank (€52,000) [Lähde: OP API]
    • Kulutusluotto: Santander (€3,200) [Lähde: Bisnode]
    Yhteensä: €55,200

    NETTOVARALLISUUS: €183,950

    PERILLISET (Heirs):
    • Puoliso: Maija Meikäläinen (50% + kotitalousvähennys)
    • Lapsi 1: Pekka Meikäläinen (25%)
    • Lapsi 2: Liisa Meikäläinen (25%)

    Allekirjoitettu sähköisesti: 2026-02-21
    Toimitettu Verohallinnolle: 2026-02-21 14:35
    [AI-Generated, Human-Verified, Legally Binding]
  • 🔐 Privacy & Security:
    • Trust Registry: AI agent's authority verified (legal heir status confirmed via population registry)
    • Consent: Heir authorizes agent via EUDI Wallet (biometric auth) → grants access to Data Spaces
    • Audit trail: Every data access logged (who, what, when) → available for legal review
    • Zero-knowledge proofs: Agent proves "authorized heir" to banks without revealing full identity
  • 🎯 Family Experience:
    • Day 1: Hospital notifies death → Family receives notification: "Estate agent activated"
    • Day 2: Complete inventory ready → 47 services auto-cancelled → Emergency funds available
    • Week 1: Life insurance claims processed → Survivor's pension approved → Bills paid
    • Week 2: Estate inventory approved by heirs → Submitted to Tax Office
    • Month 1: Probate completed (not 6 months) → Assets distributed
    • Total heir time: 2-3 hours (review + approve), not 60-120 hours
    • Grief space: Family focuses on mourning, not paperwork
Capabilities: Event-Driven EUDI Wallet Agentic AI Data Spaces API Catalog Trust Registry Zero-Knowledge

🇫🇮 Inspiration: EOAVH Project (Finland)

"Edesmenneen omaisen asioiden vaivaton hoito" (Effortless Handling of Deceased Relative's Affairs) is a government-funded project providing checklists and guidance. Current EOAVH helps families navigate the bureaucracy—but still requires manual execution.

EOAVH Today: PDF checklist, phone hotline, step-by-step guides (valuable, but labor-intensive)

Real Digitalization Vision: Transform EOAVH from guidance system to autonomous execution system. The AI agent does the work, not just explains it. Family approves, system executes. Zero manual notifications, zero form-filling, zero service-by-service cancellations.

⚖️ Legal & Technical Prerequisites

  • Legal basis: Inheritance law must permit AI agents to act on behalf of estate (with heir authorization)
  • Data access rights: Heirs granted automatic API access to deceased's data (time-limited, audited)
  • Financial sector: Banks must expose account data APIs (read-only) to authorized agents (GDPR-compliant)
  • Private sector participation: Utilities, telecoms, insurers join Service Bus (subscribed to death events)
  • Liability framework: Clear rules for AI errors (who pays if agent misses a debt?)
  • Opt-out mechanism: Individuals can pre-register "do not automate my estate" preference

👶 Birth & Early Childhood

0-7 years

Today's Experience (Finland 2024-2026)

  • Good: Hospital registers birth digitally to DVV → child gets automatic personal ID (henkilötunnu)
  • Good: No physical visits to population registry (digitalized)
  • Gap: Parent must log into Kela.fi → manually apply for child benefit (not automatic despite eligibility being obvious)
  • Gap: Parent must log into municipal daycare portal → fill separate application form (basic info re-entered)
  • Gap: Parent must log into Vero.fi → request updated tax card with child deduction (not automatic)
  • Gap: Health center: Parent must book well-baby appointments manually (no proactive outreach)
  • Gap: Each service = separate portal, separate login, separate form (data silos)
  • Gap: No unified dashboard showing "your child is registered, benefits pending, 3 actions needed"
  • Result: Digital but fragmented. Parent visits 4-5 different websites over 2 weeks, re-entering same basic data.
  • Time: ~3-4 hours spread across multiple sessions (not 2-4 weeks, but still manual labor)

Fully Orchestrated Ecosystem (Beyond Today's Digitalization)

  • 🔗 Event Trigger: Hospital registers birth → "ChildBorn" event published to national service bus (builds on existing DVV integration)
  • 📱 Unified Notification: Parent's EUDI Wallet receives: "Birth registered. Review 4 pre-filled applications."
  • Auto-Eligibility Detection: AI agent analyzes parent data (income, residence, family size) → identifies all eligible benefits:
    • Kela child benefit (€94.88/month) → application pre-filled, ready to submit
    • Municipal daycare subsidy → eligibility confirmed, queue position offered
    • Tax deduction → new tax card auto-generated (parent just confirms)
    • Health center → well-baby schedule auto-booked at local clinic
  • 🤖 Proactive Orchestration: Agent doesn't wait for parent to log in:
    • Health center: Sends appointment reminder directly to parent's wallet
    • Daycare: "3 spots available within 2km. Apply with one tap?"
    • Library: "Child library card created. Digital books available now."
  • 🌐 Data Space Integration: Healthcare data flows (with consent):
    • Birth weight, Apgar scores → health center (continuity of care)
    • Special needs detected → early intervention services auto-notified
    • Maternity clinic history → pediatrician has full context
  • 📊 Single Dashboard: Parent opens wallet once:
    • "Child registered ✓ | Benefits: 1 pending approval | Daycare: 3 options | Appointments: 2 scheduled"
    • All pre-filled forms in one place (no portal hopping)
    • Tap "Approve All" → 4 services activated simultaneously
  • One Session, 5 Minutes: Parent reviews, approves → entire ecosystem synchronized. No re-entering data. No visiting multiple portals.
  • 🎯 Key Difference from Today: Not about digitalization (already done) but orchestration. Systems talk to each other. AI does the work. Parent just confirms.
Capabilities: Event-Driven EUDI Wallet Agentic AI Data Spaces Interop Platform

💼 Starting Work

Employment transition

Today's Experience

  • Employer requests tax card → employee visits tax office website
  • Employee manually downloads PDF → emails to employer
  • Employer requests pension enrollment → employee fills form
  • Employee updates address at multiple agencies
  • Unemployment benefits must be manually cancelled
  • No automatic tax calculation adjustments

Automated Ecosystem

  • Event: Employment contract signed (e-signature) → triggers employment-start event
  • 📱 Wallet: Tax office issues tax card VC → stored in employee's wallet
  • 🔌 API: Employer's payroll system fetches tax card via API (with consent)
  • 🤖 AI: Agent detects unemployment benefits → files automatic termination
  • 🌐 Data Space: Pension fund receives employment data → auto-enrolls
  • 📊 Tax AI: Monitors income → adjusts prepayment automatically
  • Zero Friction: Employee just starts working—system handles the rest
Capabilities: Event-Driven EUDI Wallet API Catalog Agentic AI Data Spaces

🏠 Buying Property

Major life purchase

Today's Experience

  • Buyer requests loan → bank demands tax returns, income proof
  • Buyer downloads documents → delivers to bank
  • Buyer registers property → visits land registry
  • Buyer updates address → notifies 15+ services individually
  • Buyer applies for housing allowance → re-enters all data
  • Waste management, water bills arrive to wrong address

Automated Ecosystem

  • 🔐 ZK Proof: Buyer proves income threshold to bank without revealing salary
  • 📱 Wallet: Bank issues mortgage approval VC → portable proof
  • Event: Property sale completes → ownership-transfer event fires
  • 🤖 AI Orchestration: Agent updates address at all subscribed services
  • 🔗 Interop: Utilities receive new owner data → automatic billing setup
  • 📊 Eligibility: AI checks housing allowance eligibility → pre-applies
  • Seamless: One signature → entire ecosystem updates
Capabilities: ZK Proofs Event-Driven EUDI Wallet Agentic AI Interop Platform

🏥 Healthcare Journey

Diagnosis → Treatment → Recovery

Today's Experience

  • Patient visits GP → gets referral (paper)
  • Patient calls specialist → books appointment (phone)
  • Patient carries paper referral to appointment
  • Specialist cannot see GP notes → patient re-explains
  • Pharmacy cannot see diagnosis → patient carries prescription
  • Insurance company requests all documents → patient collects

Automated Ecosystem

  • 🌐 Health Data Space: GP diagnosis flows (with consent) to care team
  • 📱 Wallet: E-prescription issued as VC → patient controls sharing
  • 🤖 AI Agent: Books specialist based on diagnosis, location, availability
  • Event: Prescription filled → pharmacy updates medication record
  • 🔌 API: Insurance company fetches claims data (with consent) → auto-processes
  • 📊 Proactive: AI monitors recovery milestones → suggests follow-up
  • Patient-Centric: Full control, zero paperwork, seamless continuity
Capabilities: Data Spaces EUDI Wallet Agentic AI Event-Driven API Catalog

🏢 Company Formation

Startup journey begins

Today's Experience

  • Entrepreneur visits PRH → registers company (form)
  • Entrepreneur visits tax office → registers for VAT (separate form)
  • Entrepreneur visits pension fund → registers employer duties
  • Entrepreneur opens business bank account → provides registration docs
  • Entrepreneur applies for permits → re-enters company data everywhere
  • Takes 2-4 weeks, 10+ forms, repeated data entry

Automated Ecosystem

  • Event: Company registered → company-formation event to ecosystem
  • 🏢 EU Business Wallet: Registration certificate issued as VC
  • 🤖 AI Orchestration: Agent files VAT, employer, pension registrations automatically
  • 🔗 Interop: Bank receives company VC → instant business account
  • 📊 Eligibility: AI checks permit needs → auto-applies to relevant agencies
  • 🌐 Data Space: Business data flows to authorized participants
  • One Day: Complete in 24 hours, single input, zero redundancy
Capabilities: Event-Driven EU Business Wallet Agentic AI Interop Platform Trust Registry

🌍 International Trade

Export transaction

Today's Experience

  • Exporter creates invoice, packing list, CoO (separate systems)
  • Exporter prints documents → delivers to customs (paper)
  • Customs manually checks documents → stamps approval
  • Bank processes L/C → requests same documents again
  • Chamber of Commerce certifies CoO → another manual step
  • Takes weeks, prone to errors, expensive intermediaries

Automated Ecosystem

  • 🏢 Business Wallet: All trade docs issued as VCs (invoice, CoO, B/L)
  • 🔗 Interop: SAP ERP auto-generates KTDDE-compliant VCs
  • Event: Shipment-ready → triggers customs pre-clearance
  • 🤖 AI: Agent verifies all docs → files customs declaration automatically
  • Trust Registry: Chamber VC auto-validates → no manual cert needed
  • 🔌 API: Bank receives presentation request → instant L/C verification
  • 📦 Real-Time: Goods clear customs before arrival, payment auto-triggered
Capabilities: EU Business Wallet Interop Platform Event-Driven Agentic AI Trust Registry API Catalog

👥 Hiring Employees

Workforce expansion

Today's Experience

  • HR requests tax cards → employees email PDFs
  • HR manually enters data into payroll system
  • HR reports hires to tax office → separate filing
  • HR enrolls employees in pension → manual forms
  • HR sets up occupational healthcare → phone calls
  • Takes days per employee, error-prone, compliance risk

Automated Ecosystem

  • 📱 Employee Wallet: Tax card VC shared via QR code or API
  • 🔌 API: Payroll system auto-fetches employee credentials (with consent)
  • Event: Employment-start → tax office, pension fund auto-notified
  • 🤖 AI: Agent enrolls employee in all mandatory systems
  • 🌐 Data Space: Healthcare provider receives enrollment data
  • 📊 Compliance: Automatic reporting ensures labor law adherence
  • Instant: Employee onboarded in minutes, zero manual data entry
Capabilities: EUDI Wallet API Catalog Event-Driven Agentic AI Data Spaces

📋 Regulatory Compliance

Ongoing reporting burden

Today's Experience

  • Company manually prepares financial reports → uploads to tax portal
  • Company files VAT returns → separate system
  • Company reports environmental data → another portal
  • Company answers statistical surveys → manual forms
  • Company maintains audit trail → scattered documents
  • Deadlines missed, penalties incurred, expensive audits

Automated Ecosystem

  • 🔌 API: ERP system reports financial data continuously via standardized APIs
  • Event-Driven: Transaction events flow to tax system → real-time VAT calculation
  • 🤖 AI Agent: Monitors deadlines → auto-generates and submits reports
  • 🏢 Business Wallet: Compliance certificates issued as VCs → auditor-verifiable
  • 🔗 Interop: Environmental data pulled from IoT sensors → auto-reported
  • 📊 Proactive: AI flags compliance risks before violations occur
  • Effortless: Compliance becomes a by-product of doing business
Capabilities: API Catalog Event-Driven Agentic AI EU Business Wallet Interop Platform

💰 KYC & Cross-Border Business Financing

International business banking

Today's Experience

  • Finnish company opens account with German bank → manual KYC process starts
  • Bank requests: Company registration certificate, beneficial ownership (UBO) data, financial statements (3 years), business plan, shareholder IDs
  • Company downloads documents from PRH, tax office → scans, PDFs, emails to bank
  • Bank's compliance team manually reviews each document → verifies authenticity
  • Cross-border verification: Bank contacts Finnish authorities → weeks of delay
  • Beneficial ownership: Company provides names, birthdates, addresses → bank verifies against sanctions lists
  • Financial statements: Bank extracts data manually → enters into risk assessment system
  • Account opening: 2-4 weeks (sometimes 2 months for complex structures)
  • Financing application: Same documents requested again by loan department → no reuse
  • Annual reviews: Repeat entire process → compliance burden
  • Result: 40-80 hours of work, 2-4 week delays, high rejection rate due to incomplete docs

Automated Cross-Border KYC

  • 🏢 Company Wallet: Finnish company holds all credentials as VCs:
    • PRH registration certificate (issued as VC)
    • UBO register data (verified by PRH, issued as VC)
    • Tax compliance certificate (Vero issues VC: "no tax debts")
    • Financial statements (auditor-signed VCs with XBRL data)
    • AML risk assessment (pre-scored by Finnish authorities)
  • 🔗 Presentation Request: German bank sends OpenID4VP request to company's wallet:
    • "Prove: Company registered in Finland, UBO verified, no sanctions matches, tax compliant"
    • Selective disclosure: Company reveals only required data (not full financial statements)
  • Trust Registry Verification: Bank verifies issuer authority:
    • Checks EU Trust Registry (EBSI): "Is did:web:prh.fi authorized to issue company certificates?"
    • Verifies PRH's digital signature on VC
    • Confirms credential not revoked (status list check)
  • 🔐 Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Company proves attributes without revealing data:
    • "Revenue > €500k" (threshold for loan eligibility) WITHOUT revealing exact revenue
    • "UBO is not on sanctions list" WITHOUT revealing UBO's full identity
    • "Company age > 2 years" WITHOUT revealing exact registration date
  • 🤖 AI Risk Assessment: Bank's AI agent:
    • Receives VCs → extracts structured data (JSON-LD)
    • Runs AML checks automatically (credentials pre-verified by Finnish authorities)
    • Generates risk score → if low risk, auto-approves account opening
    • If medium risk, flags for human review with context (not from scratch)
  • 💳 Instant Account Opening:
    • Low-risk companies: Account opened in 1 hour (not 2-4 weeks)
    • IBAN issued, online banking activated, cards ordered
    • No manual document review (VCs are pre-verified)
  • 💰 Financing Application (Same VCs):
    • Company applies for €200k loan → reuses same VCs (no re-submission)
    • Bank's AI: "Financial VCs show cash flow positive, tax compliance verified → pre-approved"
    • Loan decision: 24 hours (not 2-4 weeks)
    • Funds disbursed to new account automatically
  • 📊 Annual Review (Zero Effort):
    • Bank subscribes to company's credential updates (event-driven)
    • PRH updates UBO data → new VC issued → bank receives update automatically
    • Auditor issues new financial statement VC → bank's system auto-ingests
    • Zero manual compliance reviews (credentials update in real-time)
  • 🌍 Cross-Border Recognition:
    • Finnish VCs trusted across EU (EBSI federation)
    • German bank trusts Finnish PRH credentials (mutual recognition)
    • No need for local legal opinions or apostilles
  • 🎯 Company Experience:
    • Day 1: Submit presentation request from Business Wallet → approve with e-signature
    • Day 1 (1 hour later): Account opened, IBAN received
    • Day 2: Apply for loan (same VCs) → pre-approved
    • Day 3: Funds in account
    • Total time: 15 minutes of work (vs 40-80 hours)
Capabilities: EU Business Wallet Trust Registry Zero-Knowledge Agentic AI Event-Driven Interop Platform

🔐 Privacy & Compliance

AML/KYC Compliance Maintained: Banks still perform due diligence, but credentials are pre-verified by authoritative sources (government registries). Zero-knowledge proofs enable privacy-preserving verification ("prove revenue threshold" without revealing exact financials).

GDPR: Company controls credential sharing (explicit consent per presentation). Bank receives only disclosed attributes. No central database of company data—wallet-based architecture ensures data minimization.

📦 Digital Product Passports

Circular economy enabler

Today's Reality

  • Product information scattered: Manufacturer website, PDFs, labels, certificates (paper/digital mix)
  • Supply chain opacity: Buyer knows finished product, not upstream materials or labor practices
  • Sustainability claims: "Eco-friendly" labels with no verifiable proof → greenwashing
  • Repair impossibility: No access to spare parts sourcing, repair manuals, or component specs
  • End-of-life: Product thrown away → no data on recyclable materials, disassembly instructions
  • Regulatory compliance: Manufacturer manually compiles compliance docs per market (CE, RoHS, REACH)
  • Recalls: Product defect detected → manual tracking of serial numbers, affected batches
  • Second-hand market: Buyer has no proof of authenticity, warranty status, or maintenance history
  • Example (EV Battery): Battery health data locked in manufacturer system → repair shops can't diagnose → entire battery replaced unnecessarily

DPP as "Micro-ERP" Built from Verifiable Credentials

Concept: Digital Product Passport = collection of VCs forming a product-specific "micro-ERP" that follows the product through its lifecycle.

  • 🏭 Manufacturing Phase (VC Issuance):
    • Bill of Materials (BoM) VC: Manufacturer issues VC listing all components (with supplier DIDs)
    • Origin VCs: Each component supplier issues origin credential ("Lithium mined in Chile, Certified conflict-free")
    • Carbon Footprint VC: Third-party auditor issues VC: "Product production: 12 kg CO₂e" (verified calculation)
    • Labor Compliance VC: Factory audit issues VC: "ILO standards met, no child labor"
    • Quality Test VC: Manufacturer issues VC: "Passed all quality checks, Serial#: 12345"
    • Regulatory VCs: CE marking, RoHS compliance, REACH declaration (all as VCs)
    • Warranty VC: Manufacturer issues: "2-year warranty valid until 2028-03-15"
  • 📱 Product Wallet (DPP as Micro-ERP):
    • Each product has unique DID (e.g., did:web:manufacturer.com:products:battery-12345)
    • QR code / NFC tag on product links to DPP portal
    • Portal displays: BoM, sustainability data, repair info, warranty status (fetched as VCs)
    • Think: Lightweight ERP just for this one product—tracks its entire lifecycle
  • 🔗 Supply Chain Transparency:
    • Consumer scans QR → sees full supply chain (VC chain of custody)
    • "Battery cathode: Nickel from Indonesia (Supplier X VC) → Refined in Japan (Supplier Y VC) → Assembled in Finland"
    • Each step cryptographically signed by issuer (tamper-proof provenance)
  • 🌱 Sustainability Verification:
    • Carbon Footprint: Auditor VC shows 12 kg CO₂e (verified by third party, not self-reported)
    • Recycled Content: VC proves "30% recycled aluminum" (traced back to recycler's VC)
    • Circular Design: VC includes disassembly instructions, recyclability score
    • No Greenwashing: Claims backed by verifiable credentials (can't fake auditor signatures)
  • 🔧 Repair & Maintenance:
    • Repair shop scans product → DPP reveals: Spare parts catalog, repair manuals, diagnostic codes
    • Right to Repair: Manufacturer required to publish VCs with repair info (EU regulation)
    • Maintenance History: Each repair logged as new VC ("Battery cell replaced 2027-06-10 by Shop XYZ")
    • Example (EV Battery): Mechanic scans battery → sees state-of-health data VC → replaces only faulty module (not entire battery)
  • 🔄 Second-Hand Market:
    • Buyer scans used product → DPP shows: Warranty status, maintenance history, authenticity proof
    • Anti-Counterfeiting: Product DID + manufacturer signature = proof of authenticity (can't be cloned)
    • Transfer of Ownership: Seller transfers DPP to buyer's wallet (new VC: "Ownership transferred to DID:buyer123")
  • ♻️ End-of-Life (Circular Economy):
    • Recycler scans product → DPP reveals: Material composition, hazardous substances, disassembly sequence
    • Automated Sorting: AI reads DPP VCs → directs product to correct recycling stream
    • Material Recovery: DPP shows "Battery contains 2kg lithium, 15kg cobalt" → targeted extraction
    • Recycling Certificate: Recycler issues VC: "Product recycled, 95% material recovery rate" → closes lifecycle loop
  • 📊 Regulatory Automation:
    • Market Surveillance: Authority scans product → DPP instantly shows all compliance VCs (CE, RoHS, etc.)
    • Recall Management: Defect detected → manufacturer queries Trust Registry: "Find all products with Battery Model X (Serial range 10000-15000)"
    • ESG Reporting: Company queries DPPs of all sold products → aggregates carbon footprint VCs → auto-generates sustainability report
  • 🏢 DPP as "Micro-ERP" (Spherity AG / Carsten Stöcker Vision):
    • Concept: Traditional ERP manages company operations. DPP manages product operations throughout lifecycle.
    • VC Collection = Data Model: Each VC is a "transaction" in product's history (manufacturing, sale, repair, resale, recycling)
    • Interoperability: Different systems (manufacturer, retailer, repair shop, recycler) all write/read from same DPP (shared data layer)
    • Sovereignty: Product data stored as VCs in distributed ledger or IPFS (no central database lock-in)
    • AI-Readable: VCs use semantic standards (JSON-LD + ontologies) → AI agents can query, aggregate, analyze at scale
    • Example Use: Circular economy marketplace AI queries 10,000 DPPs → finds products with >80% recycled content + verified carbon neutral production
  • 🌐 Data Spaces Integration:
    • Manufacturing Data Space: DPPs published to domain-specific space (Catena-X for automotive, Battery Pass for batteries)
    • Usage Control: Manufacturer sets ODRL policies: "Repair shops can read BoM, consumers can't" (granular permissions)
    • Data Sovereignty: Each participant (supplier, manufacturer, recycler) controls their VCs (federated architecture)
Capabilities: EU Business Wallet Trust Registry Interop Platform Data Spaces Agentic AI API Catalog

🔬 Inspiration: Spherity AG & Carsten Stöcker

Spherity AG (Germany) pioneers "Digital Product Passports as Verifiable Credentials." CEO Carsten Stöcker envisions DPPs as:

  • "Product-centric micro-ERPs" → Data follows product, not locked in company silos
  • "Machine economy enabler" → AI agents trade products based on DPP data (autonomous circular marketplaces)
  • "Trust layer for Industry 4.0" → VCs enable supply chain partners to transact without contracts (cryptographic trust)

Key Insight: DPP isn't just "digital label"—it's an active data entity that orchestrates product lifecycle. Each VC = API endpoint for product intelligence. Entire circular economy becomes queryable, verifiable, AI-orchestrated.

Real Implementations: Catena-X (automotive), Battery Pass (EU regulation), Textile Passport (fashion), Building Passport (construction).

🚧 Implementation Challenges

  • Standardization: Need common VC schemas for each industry (automotive vs. electronics vs. textiles)
  • Legacy Systems: Existing ERPs don't natively support VCs → connector/adapter layer needed
  • Scale: Billions of products × 10-50 VCs each = massive data volume → IPFS/decentralized storage required
  • Privacy: Some DPP data is proprietary (BoM formulas) → selective disclosure + usage policies critical
  • Adoption: Requires ecosystem coordination (manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, recyclers must all participate)
  • Regulation: EU mandates DPPs for batteries (2027), textiles (2030+), but global harmonization needed

Building the Future, Together

This vision requires collaboration across government, private sector, and civil society. The infrastructure is emerging. The standards are maturing. The time to act is now.